[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":323},["ShallowReactive",2],{"post-zh-china-ev-av-solution":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"cover":313,"date":314,"description":315,"extension":316,"meta":317,"navigation":318,"path":319,"seo":320,"stem":321,"__hash__":322},"posts/posts/china-ev-av-solution.md","漫谈中国电动车厂商的自动驾驶解决方案",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":303},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,235,238,263,266,269,272,277,286,297,300],[10,11,12],"p",{},"与欧美日各大主机厂在自动驾驶上的缓慢推进不同，各种电动车厂往往更为激进的推动自动驾驶软硬件的落地。尤其是在中国市场，各家造车新势力在堆完各种参数后，唯一能差异化的就是自研自动驾驶的软硬件。",[14,15,16],"h2",{"id":16},"硬件配置",[10,18,19],{},"下表依照 2022 年的销量排序（只列入了明确有自动驾驶量产计划的车企，部分新进品牌未计入统计）",[21,22,23,42],"table",{},[24,25,26],"thead",{},[27,28,29,33,36,39],"tr",{},[30,31,32],"th",{},"主机厂",[30,34,35],{},"解决方案",[30,37,38],{},"量产时间",[30,40,41],{},"来源引用",[43,44,45,72,89,106,123,142,157,173,190,205,220],"tbody",{},[27,46,47,51,54,57],{},[48,49,50],"td",{},"比亚迪",[48,52,53],{},"英伟达/地平线",[48,55,56],{},"2023",[48,58,59,66,67],{},[60,61,65],"a",{"href":62,"rel":63},"https://www.sohu.com/a/532017072_115565",[64],"nofollow","1"," ",[60,68,71],{"href":69,"rel":70},"https://www.sohu.com/a/539976858_115565",[64],"2",[27,73,74,77,80,83],{},[48,75,76],{},"上汽通用五菱",[48,78,79],{},"大疆",[48,81,82],{},"2022",[48,84,85],{},[60,86,65],{"href":87,"rel":88},"https://www.sohu.com/a/555847443_100246910",[64],[27,90,91,94,97,100],{},[48,92,93],{},"特斯拉",[48,95,96],{},"自研 FSD",[48,98,99],{},"2019",[48,101,102],{},[60,103,65],{"href":104,"rel":105},"https://www.sohu.com/a/354344258_616364",[64],[27,107,108,111,114,117],{},[48,109,110],{},"小鹏",[48,112,113],{},"英伟达",[48,115,116],{},"2020",[48,118,119],{},[60,120,65],{"href":121,"rel":122},"https://www.dongchedi.com/article/6816482643341738509",[64],[27,124,125,128,130,132],{},[48,126,127],{},"理想",[48,129,53],{},[48,131,82],{},[48,133,134,66,138],{},[60,135,65],{"href":136,"rel":137},"https://www.lixiang.com/news/21.html",[64],[60,139,71],{"href":140,"rel":141},"https://www.autohome.com.cn/news/202105/1157943.html",[64],[27,143,144,147,149,151],{},[48,145,146],{},"蔚来",[48,148,113],{},[48,150,82],{},[48,152,153],{},[60,154,65],{"href":155,"rel":156},"https://blogs.nvidia.cn/2021/01/15/nio-partners-with-nvidia-to-develop-a-new-generation-of-automated-driving-electric-vehicles/",[64],[27,158,159,162,165,167],{},[48,160,161],{},"北汽极狐",[48,163,164],{},"华为",[48,166,82],{},[48,168,169],{},[60,170,65],{"href":171,"rel":172},"http://www.xinhuanet.com/auto/20220509/490fab4e99ba446bbafa058f60255b5e/c.html",[64],[27,174,175,178,181,184],{},[48,176,177],{},"吉利极氪",[48,179,180],{},"Mobileye",[48,182,183],{},"2021",[48,185,186],{},[60,187,65],{"href":188,"rel":189},"https://www.intel.cn/content/www/cn/zh/newsroom/news/mobileye-zeekr-partnership.html",[64],[27,191,192,195,197,199],{},[48,193,194],{},"长安阿维塔",[48,196,164],{},[48,198,82],{},[48,200,201],{},[60,202,65],{"href":203,"rel":204},"https://chedongxi.com/p/280125.html",[64],[27,206,207,210,212,214],{},[48,208,209],{},"上汽智己",[48,211,113],{},[48,213,82],{},[48,215,216],{},[60,217,65],{"href":218,"rel":219},"https://blogs.nvidia.cn/2021/01/16/saic-im-ev-nvidia-drive-orin/",[64],[27,221,222,225,227,229],{},[48,223,224],{},"上汽非凡",[48,226,113],{},[48,228,82],{},[48,230,231],{},[60,232,65],{"href":233,"rel":234},"https://www.ithome.com/0/604/251.htm",[64],[10,236,237],{},"从统计来看，绝大多数车企走的是硬件外采软件自研的路线，硬件规格上也高度一致：",[239,240,241,245,248,251,254,257,260],"ol",{},[242,243,244],"li",{},"算力达到 500 TOPS 水平",[242,246,247],{},"一颗或多颗的前向激光雷达",[242,249,250],{},"一颗或多颗的毫米波雷达",[242,252,253],{},"4 到 6 颗环视摄像头 （3MP+）",[242,255,256],{},"前视多焦距摄像头或双目摄像头（8MP+）",[242,258,259],{},"车身周围的超声波雷达",[242,261,262],{},"GPS/IMU",[10,264,265],{},"与大多数厂商不同，特斯拉坚持使用纯视觉的解决方案。从第一性原理来看，纯视觉确实可以达到完全自动驾驶的目标（与人类驾驶者对应）。但是纯视觉方案高度依赖机器学习方向研究的进展，并且需要匹配相应的算力（包括 inference 和 training），算是最难走的路线。",[14,267,268],{"id":268},"软件与算法",[10,270,271],{},"不过硬件堆满是否就足够呢？这些国内主机厂里，除了极个别的有互联网基因的造车新势力具有一定的软件开发能力，绝大多数主机厂在软件开发上都有着巨大的不足。现阶段来看，引入算法提供商一起做开发是大多数厂商的选择，另外华为、大疆和 Mobileye 也会提供类似于黑盒的方案。",[273,274,276],"h3",{"id":275},"开放平台还是黑盒方案","开放平台还是黑盒方案？",[10,278,279,280,285],{},"上汽老总之前发表过一番有关 “主机厂灵魂” 的",[60,281,284],{"href":282,"rel":283},"https://libattery.ofweek.com/2021-12/ART-36008-8500-30539935.html",[64],"言论","，从其中不难发现，软件定义汽车是大势所趋，主机厂也已经清楚的认识到软件和算法是未来汽车工业的核心。这儿就涉及到一个关键问题，未来的汽车行业是各家采用私有方案，还是会拥抱某个开放平台？",[239,287,288,291,294],{},[242,289,290],{},"类似特斯拉这样激进的车厂，很难有第三方的解决方案能满足其需求，唯一的出路就是从硬件到软件都走自研路线，最终形成类似于苹果的封闭式产品。",[242,292,293],{},"对于刚刚涉足自动驾驶领域的传统主机厂，选择开放硬件平台或是黑盒方案取决于其推进软件自研的决心。采用华为、大疆等整体解决方案可以大大缩短从设计到量产再到上市的时间，对于抢占先机会有帮助。",[242,295,296],{},"蔚小理之类的造车新势力在差异化自动驾驶能力上决心更强，在拥有一定规模的软件和算法团队的基础上，他们往往会选择英伟达之类的开放硬件架构，并从零开始实现自己的软件栈，最终形成自己的软件护城河。",[14,298,299],{"id":299},"展望",[10,301,302],{},"随着大算力车载芯片和车规级激光雷达的普及，L2+ 级别的自动驾驶会在 2024-2025 年期间全面落地。一个大胆的预测，不论是主机厂还是供应商，在中国市场拿下这个重要时间节点的胜利，将意味着未来十年甚至二十年的长期优势。",{"title":304,"searchDepth":305,"depth":305,"links":306},"",2,[307,308,312],{"id":16,"depth":305,"text":16},{"id":268,"depth":305,"text":268,"children":309},[310],{"id":275,"depth":311,"text":276},3,{"id":299,"depth":305,"text":299},"/assets/covers/china-ev-av-solution.jpg","2022-08-23T00:00:00.000Z","本文总结了中国电动车市场上常见的自动驾驶解决方案，并对各家方案做了简单的比较。","md",{},true,"/posts/china-ev-av-solution",{"title":5,"description":315},"posts/china-ev-av-solution","N1BTc2Fl7crsZXNvaQiKQ-7NtBHMgJuKHac1v_pbZBU",1788681981564]